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Combination pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic anti-tumor immune responses in immunologically-cold non-small cell lung cancer

The abscopal effects of radiation may sensitize immunologically “cold” tumors to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). We investigated the immunostimulatory effects of radiotherapy leveraging multi-omic analyses of serial tissue and blood biospecimens (n=293) from a phase 2 clinical trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by pembrolizumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; NCT02492568). Patients with immunologically-cold tumors (low tumor mutation burden, null PD-L1 expression, WNT-pathway mutated) in the SBRT arm had significantly longer progression-free survival compared to ICI alone (P<0.05). Induction of interferon-gamma, interferon-alpha, and antigen processing and presentation gene sets was significantly enriched post SBRT in non-irradiated tumor sites (FDR adjusted P<0.01). Significant on-therapy expansions of new and pre-existing TCR clones in both the tumor and blood compartments were noted in the SBRT arm (P<0.05). These findings support the systemic anti-tumor effects of immuno-radiotherapy and may open a therapeutic window of opportunity to overcome resistance to ICI.

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Data access policy accompanying DAC EGAC50000000202

DATA ACCESS AGREEMENT These terms and conditions govern access to the managed access datasets (details of which are set out in Appendix I) to which the User Institution has requested access. The User Institution agrees to be bound by these terms and conditions. Definitions DAC: The data access committee for EGA study: Combination pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic anti-tumor immune responses in immunologically-cold non-small cell lung cancer. Authorized Personnel: The individuals at the User Institution to whom the DAC grants access to the Data. This includes the User, the individuals listed in Appendix II and any other individuals for whom the User Institution subsequently requests access to the Data. Details of the initial Authorized Personnel are set out in Appendix II. Data: The managed access datasets to which the User Institution has requested access and for which the DAC has agreed to grant such access. Data Producers: The DAC and the collaborators listed in Appendix I responsible for the development, organization, and oversight of these Data. External Collaborator: A collaborator of the User, working for an institution other than the User Institution. Project: The project for which the User Institution has requested access to these Data. A description of the Project is set out in Appendix II. Publications: Includes, without limitation, articles published in print journals, electronic journals, reviews, books, posters and other written and verbal presentations of research. Research Participant: An individual whose data form part of these Data. Research Purposes: Shall mean research that is seeking to advance the understanding of genetics and genomics, including the treatment of disorders, and work on statistical methods that may be applied to such research. User: The individual at User Institution who will serve as principal investigator for the Project. User Institution(s): The Institution that has requested access to the Data. Please include your Institution details here: 1. The User Institution agrees to only use these Data for the purpose of the Project (described in Appendix II) and only for Research Purposes. The User Institution further agrees that it will only use these Data for Research Purposes which are within the limitations (if any) set out in Appendix I. 2. The User Institution agrees to preserve, at all times, the confidentiality of these Data. In particular, it undertakes not to use, or attempt to use these Data to compromise or otherwise infringe the confidentiality of information on Research Participants. Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the User Institution agrees to use at least the measures set out in Appendix I to protect these Data. 3. The User Institution agrees to protect the confidentiality of Research Participants in any research papers or publications that they prepare by taking all reasonable care to limit the possibility of identification. 4. The User Institution agrees not to link or combine these Data to other information or archived data available in a way that could re-identify the Research Participants, even if access to that data has been formally granted to the User Institution or is freely available without restriction. 5. The User Institution agrees only to transfer or disclose these Data, in whole or part, or any material derived from these Data, to the Authorized Personnel. Should the User Institution wish to share these Data with an External Collaborator, the External Collaborator must complete a separate application for access to these Data. 6. The User Institution agrees that the Data Producers, and all other parties involved in the creation, funding or protection of these Data: a) make no warranty or representation, express or implied as to the accuracy, quality or comprehensiveness of these Data; b) exclude to the fullest extent permitted by law all liability for actions, claims, proceedings, demands, losses (including but not limited to loss of profit), costs, awards damages and payments made by the recipient that may arise (whether directly or indirectly) in any way whatsoever from the recipient’s use of these Data or from the unavailability of, or break in access to, these Data for whatever reason and; c) bear no responsibility for the further analysis or interpretation of these Data. 7. The User Institution agrees to follow the Fort Lauderdale Guidelines (http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/stellent/groups/corporatesite/@policy_communications/documents/web_document/wtd003207.pdf ) and the Toronto Statement (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7261/full/461168a.html). This includes but is not limited to recognising the contribution of the Data Producers including a proper acknowledgement in all reports or publications resulting from the use of these Data. 8. The User Institution agrees to follow the Publication Policy in Appendix III. This includes respecting the moratorium period for the Data Producers to publish the first peer-reviewed report describing and analysing these Data. Copies of all Publications arising from the Project must be sent to DAC at least 30 days prior to submission. If requested in writing by DAC, User Institution shall withhold material from submission for publication or presentation for an additional 60 days from the date of DAC’s request to allow for the filing of a patent application or the taking of such measures as DAC deems appropriate to establish and preserve proprietary rights in the information and the material being submitted for publication or presentation. 9. The DAC shall own and retain all right, title and interest in and to the Data and any derivatives, modifications, replications or compositions made or discovered by or on behalf of User Institution in relation to the Data. The User Institution agrees not to make intellectual property claims on these Data and not to use intellectual property protection in ways that would prevent or block access to, or use of, any element of these Data, or conclusion drawn directly from these Data. 10. The User Institution can elect to perform further research that would add intellectual and resource capital to these Data and decide to obtain intellectual property rights on these downstream discoveries. In this case, the User Institution agrees to implement licensing policies that will not obstruct further research and to follow the U.S. National Institutes of Health Best Practices for the Licensing of Genomic Inventions (2005) (https://www.icgc.org/files/daco/NIH_BestPracticesLicensingGenomicInventions_2005_en.pdf ) in conformity with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guidelines for the Licensing of the Genetic Inventions (2006) (http://www.oecd.org/science/biotech/36198812.pdf ). 11. The User Institution agrees to destroy/discard the Data held, once it is no longer used for the Project, unless obliged to retain the data for archival purposes in conformity with audit or legal requirements. 12. The User Institution will notify the DAC within 30 days of any changes or departures of Authorized Personnel. 13. The User Institution will notify the DAC prior to any significant changes to the protocol for the Project. 14. The User Institution will notify the DAC as soon as it becomes aware of a breach of the terms or conditions of this agreement. 15. This Agreement shall commence upon the date last signed below and shall continue until the Project is completed, unless earlier terminated by the DAC. The DAC may terminate this agreement by written notice to the User Institution. If this agreement terminates for any reason, the User Institution will be required to destroy any Data held, including copies and backup copies. This clause does not prevent the User Institution from retaining these Data confidentially for archival purpose in conformity with audit or legal requirements. 16. The User Institution accepts that it may be necessary for the Data Producers to alter the terms of this agreement from time to time. As an example, this may include specific provisions relating to the Data required by Data Producers other than the DAC. In the event that changes are required, the Data Producers or their appointed agent will contact the User Institution to inform it of the changes and the User Institution may elect to accept the changes or terminate the agreement. 17. If requested, the User Institution will allow data security and management documentation to be inspected to verify that it is complying with the terms of this agreement. 18. The User Institution agrees to distribute a copy of these terms to the Authorized Personnel. The User Institution will procure that the Authorized Personnel comply with the terms of this agreement. 19. If the Data Producer is a HIPAA Covered Entity, and if the Data will be a Limited Data Set as defined by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), in accordance with Section 164.514(e)(2) of the HIPAA Privacy Rule, the Data shall exclude the following direct identifiers of the individual or of relatives, employers, or household members of the individual: (i) Names; (ii) Postal address information, other than town or city, State, and zip code; (iii) Telephone numbers; (iv) Fax numbers; (v) Electronic mail addresses; (vi) Social security numbers; (vii) Medical record numbers; (viii) Health plan beneficiary numbers; (ix) Account numbers; (x) Certificate/license numbers; (xi) Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers, including license plate numbers; (xii) Device identifiers and serial numbers; (xiii) Web Universal Resource Locators (URLs); (xiv) Internet Protocol (IP) address numbers; (xv) Biometric identifiers, including finger and voice prints; and (xvi) Full face photographic images and any comparable images. If the Data being provided is coded, the Data Producer will not release, and the User Institution will not request, the key to the code. Agreed for User Institution Signature of University Official: Name: Title: Date: Principal Investigator I confirm that I have read and understood this Agreement. Signature: Name: Title: Date: Agreed for the DAC Signature: Name: Title: Date: APPENDIX I – DATASET DETAILS APPENDIX II ––PROJECT DETAILS APPENDIX III –– PUBLICATION POLICY APPENDIX I – DATASET DETAILS Dataset reference Sequence data from “Combination pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic anti-tumor immune responses in immunologically-cold non-small cell lung cancer”. The dataset for the study “Combination pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic anti-tumor immune responses in immunologically-cold non-small cell lung cancer” includes 116 bam files from whole exome sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq2500, 102 fastq files from RNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000. The samples analyzed include tumor/normal DNA samples and tumor RNA samples from 72 individuals with non-small cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab and SBRT or pembrolizumab alone on the NCT02492568 trial. Name of project that created the dataset Sequence data from “Combination pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic anti-tumor immune responses in immunologically-cold non-small cell lung cancer”. Names of other data producers/collaborators Zineb Belcaid; Willemijn S.M.E Theelen, Justin Huang, Mimi Najjar, Christopher Cherry, Archana Balan, James R. White, Jaime Wehr, Rachel Karchin, Noushin Niknafs, Michel M. van den Heuvel, Victor E. Velculescu, Paul Baas and Valsamo Anagnostou. Specific limitations on areas of research The User Institution agrees that it will only use these Data for Research Purposes. Use of this data by for-profit organizations is not allowed. Minimum protection measures required File access: Data can be held in unencrypted files on an institutional computer system, with Unix user group read/write access for one or more appropriate groups but not Unix world read/write access behind a secure firewall. Laptops holding these Data should have password protected logins and screenlocks (set to lock after 5 min of inactivity). If held on USB keys or other portable hard drives, the Data must be encrypted. APPENDIX II – PROJECT DETAILS (to be completed by the Requestor) Details of dataset requested i.e., EGA Study and Dataset Accession Number Brief abstract of the Project in which the Data will be used All Individuals who the User Institution to be named as registered users Name of Registered User Email Job Title Supervisor* All Individuals that should have an account created at the EGA Name of Registered User Email Job Title APPENDIX III – PUBLICATION POLICY The DAC intend to publish the results of their analysis of this dataset and do not consider its deposition into public databases to be the equivalent of such publications. The DAC anticipate that the dataset could be useful to other qualified researchers for a variety of purposes. However, some areas of work are subject to a publication moratorium. The publication moratorium covers any publications (including oral communications) that describe the use of the dataset. For research papers, submission for publication should not occur until 2 months after these Data were first made available on the relevant hosting database, unless the DAC has provided written consent to earlier submission. In any publications based on these data, please describe how the data can be accessed, including the name of the hosting database (e.g., The European Genome-phenome Archive at the European Bioinformatics Institute) and its accession numbers (e.g., EGAS000000000XX), and acknowledge its use in a form agreed by the User Institution with the DAC.

Studies are experimental investigations of a particular phenomenon, e.g., case-control studies on a particular trait or cancer research projects reporting matching cancer normal genomes from patients.

Study ID Study Title Study Type
EGAS50000000277 Cancer Genomics

This table displays only public information pertaining to the files in the dataset. If you wish to access this dataset, please submit a request. If you already have access to these data files, please consult the download documentation.

ID File Type Size Located in
EGAF00008418650 bam 7.1 GB
EGAF00008418652 fastq.gz 8.2 GB
EGAF00008418656 fastq.gz 8.9 GB
EGAF00008418659 fastq.gz 9.0 GB
EGAF00008418662 fastq.gz 9.4 GB
EGAF00008418665 bam 12.9 GB
EGAF00008418666 bam 7.2 GB
EGAF00008418669 bam 12.8 GB
EGAF00008418670 bam 7.3 GB
EGAF00008418673 bam 5.7 GB
EGAF00008418674 bam 13.1 GB
EGAF00008418678 bam 12.8 GB
EGAF00008418680 bam 7.5 GB
EGAF00008418682 bam 7.1 GB
EGAF00008418684 bam 16.4 GB
EGAF00008418686 bam 6.9 GB
EGAF00008418688 bam 17.5 GB
EGAF00008418690 bam 14.7 GB
EGAF00008418691 bam 7.2 GB
EGAF00008418694 fastq.gz 8.1 GB
EGAF00008418696 fastq.gz 8.5 GB
EGAF00008418698 bam 13.7 GB
EGAF00008418699 fastq.gz 10.4 GB
EGAF00008418700 fastq.gz 10.9 GB
EGAF00008418701 bam 6.2 GB
EGAF00008418702 bam 6.5 GB
EGAF00008418704 bam 12.9 GB
EGAF00008418706 bam 13.8 GB
EGAF00008418709 bam 5.3 GB
EGAF00008418711 fastq.gz 9.2 GB
EGAF00008418713 fastq.gz 9.8 GB
EGAF00008418715 fastq.gz 9.8 GB
EGAF00008418717 fastq.gz 10.5 GB
EGAF00008418719 bam 7.7 GB
EGAF00008418721 bam 20.5 GB
EGAF00008418723 bam 6.1 GB
EGAF00008418724 bam 15.5 GB
EGAF00008418727 fastq.gz 9.4 GB
EGAF00008418729 bam 17.9 GB
EGAF00008418731 fastq.gz 9.5 GB
EGAF00008418732 bam 6.2 GB
EGAF00008418735 bam 13.3 GB
EGAF00008418736 bam 6.5 GB
EGAF00008418739 bam 6.5 GB
EGAF00008418740 bam 14.0 GB
EGAF00008418743 fastq.gz 14.0 GB
EGAF00008418745 fastq.gz 14.7 GB
EGAF00008418749 fastq.gz 14.0 GB
EGAF00008418751 bam 6.4 GB
EGAF00008418752 fastq.gz 14.4 GB
EGAF00008418754 bam 13.5 GB
EGAF00008418757 bam 14.3 GB
EGAF00008418758 bam 8.3 GB
EGAF00008418761 bam 7.2 GB
EGAF00008418763 bam 17.7 GB
EGAF00008418765 fastq.gz 13.3 GB
EGAF00008418767 fastq.gz 14.2 GB
EGAF00008418769 bam 13.7 GB
EGAF00008418770 fastq.gz 12.5 GB
EGAF00008418772 fastq.gz 13.1 GB
EGAF00008418774 bam 7.5 GB
EGAF00008418777 bam 3.1 GB
EGAF00008418779 bam 17.1 GB
EGAF00008418780 bam 5.6 GB
EGAF00008418782 bam 7.9 GB
EGAF00008418785 bam 6.6 GB
EGAF00008418787 bam 16.5 GB
EGAF00008418789 bam 13.8 GB
EGAF00008418790 bam 7.2 GB
EGAF00008418793 bam 5.8 GB
EGAF00008418794 bam 14.6 GB
EGAF00008418797 bam 13.4 GB
EGAF00008418798 bam 6.2 GB
EGAF00008418801 bam 13.4 GB
EGAF00008418802 bam 7.5 GB
EGAF00008418805 bam 14.5 GB
EGAF00008418806 bam 7.2 GB
EGAF00008418809 bam 15.3 GB
EGAF00008418810 fastq.gz 9.2 GB
EGAF00008418812 fastq.gz 9.2 GB
EGAF00008418814 bam 5.7 GB
EGAF00008419960 fastq.gz 10.1 GB
EGAF00008419963 bam 11.1 GB
EGAF00008419964 fastq.gz 7.5 GB
EGAF00008419966 bam 7.0 GB
EGAF00008419969 fastq.gz 10.5 GB
EGAF00008419972 bam 6.3 GB
EGAF00008419973 fastq.gz 10.2 GB
EGAF00008419976 fastq.gz 10.0 GB
EGAF00008419978 bam 6.9 GB
EGAF00008419980 fastq.gz 8.5 GB
EGAF00008419983 bam 16.0 GB
EGAF00008419985 fastq.gz 9.2 GB
EGAF00008419986 bam 6.5 GB
EGAF00008419988 fastq.gz 8.4 GB
EGAF00008419989 fastq.gz 8.8 GB
EGAF00008419991 bam 6.0 GB
EGAF00008419992 bam 12.1 GB
EGAF00008419999 fastq.gz 9.2 GB
EGAF00008420002 fastq.gz 8.9 GB
EGAF00008420008 fastq.gz 8.5 GB
EGAF00008420009 fastq.gz 9.1 GB
EGAF00008420010 fastq.gz 7.9 GB
EGAF00008420012 bam 6.5 GB
EGAF00008420013 fastq.gz 8.9 GB
EGAF00008420019 bam 6.7 GB
EGAF00008420021 bam 13.2 GB
EGAF00008420023 bam 6.3 GB
EGAF00008420025 bam 13.3 GB
EGAF00008420026 fastq.gz 8.6 GB
EGAF00008420027 bam 13.2 GB
EGAF00008420029 bam 13.1 GB
EGAF00008420030 fastq.gz 10.8 GB
EGAF00008420031 fastq.gz 8.7 GB
EGAF00008420032 fastq.gz 8.4 GB
EGAF00008420033 fastq.gz 8.9 GB
EGAF00008420036 fastq.gz 10.4 GB
EGAF00008420038 bam 6.9 GB
EGAF00008420040 fastq.gz 8.8 GB
EGAF00008420041 bam 12.9 GB
EGAF00008420044 fastq.gz 10.9 GB
EGAF00008420046 bam 3.3 GB
EGAF00008420047 fastq.gz 8.8 GB
EGAF00008420048 fastq.gz 8.4 GB
EGAF00008420049 fastq.gz 11.0 GB
EGAF00008420052 bam 15.2 GB
EGAF00008420056 bam 11.5 GB
EGAF00008420058 fastq.gz 8.7 GB
EGAF00008420060 bam 16.5 GB
EGAF00008420061 fastq.gz 8.7 GB
EGAF00008420063 bam 6.4 GB
EGAF00008420066 bam 3.6 GB
EGAF00008420067 bam 13.0 GB
EGAF00008420070 fastq.gz 8.1 GB
EGAF00008420073 fastq.gz 8.2 GB
EGAF00008420077 fastq.gz 7.8 GB
EGAF00008420079 bam 17.2 GB
EGAF00008420081 fastq.gz 8.0 GB
EGAF00008420084 bam 6.9 GB
EGAF00008420087 bam 12.7 GB
EGAF00008420088 bam 7.0 GB
EGAF00008420090 fastq.gz 7.6 GB
EGAF00008420092 fastq.gz 7.7 GB
EGAF00008420095 fastq.gz 9.1 GB
EGAF00008420097 bam 18.1 GB
EGAF00008420099 fastq.gz 9.3 GB
EGAF00008420100 bam 6.2 GB
EGAF00008420103 fastq.gz 8.2 GB
EGAF00008420104 fastq.gz 8.3 GB
EGAF00008420107 bam 13.3 GB
EGAF00008420109 fastq.gz 9.8 GB
EGAF00008420111 fastq.gz 9.9 GB
EGAF00008420112 bam 4.8 GB
EGAF00008420115 bam 6.1 GB
EGAF00008420116 bam 13.7 GB
EGAF00008420119 fastq.gz 11.8 GB
EGAF00008420121 fastq.gz 12.0 GB
EGAF00008420123 fastq.gz 8.1 GB
EGAF00008420125 bam 11.8 GB
EGAF00008420126 fastq.gz 8.3 GB
EGAF00008420129 fastq.gz 13.3 GB
EGAF00008420131 fastq.gz 13.6 GB
EGAF00008420133 fastq.gz 8.9 GB
EGAF00008420135 fastq.gz 9.1 GB
EGAF00008420136 bam 5.7 GB
EGAF00008420139 bam 10.1 GB
EGAF00008420142 fastq.gz 13.5 GB
EGAF00008420143 fastq.gz 13.7 GB
EGAF00008420144 bam 8.6 GB
EGAF00008420147 bam 8.5 GB
EGAF00008420149 bam 16.9 GB
EGAF00008420151 bam 9.3 GB
EGAF00008420152 bam 14.7 GB
EGAF00008420154 fastq.gz 10.5 GB
EGAF00008420157 fastq.gz 10.8 GB
EGAF00008420159 fastq.gz 8.2 GB
EGAF00008420160 bam 13.9 GB
EGAF00008420162 fastq.gz 8.3 GB
EGAF00008420164 bam 6.5 GB
EGAF00008420167 fastq.gz 9.1 GB
EGAF00008420169 fastq.gz 9.3 GB
EGAF00008420171 bam 13.8 GB
EGAF00008420173 fastq.gz 10.3 GB
EGAF00008420175 fastq.gz 10.4 GB
EGAF00008420176 bam 7.4 GB
EGAF00008420178 fastq.gz 7.7 GB
EGAF00008420180 fastq.gz 8.0 GB
EGAF00008420183 bam 13.9 GB
EGAF00008420184 fastq.gz 7.1 GB
EGAF00008420186 fastq.gz 7.5 GB
EGAF00008420189 bam 9.5 GB
EGAF00008420191 fastq.gz 9.6 GB
EGAF00008420193 fastq.gz 10.3 GB
EGAF00008420195 bam 12.9 GB
EGAF00008420197 fastq.gz 9.5 GB
EGAF00008420199 fastq.gz 10.4 GB
EGAF00008420200 bam 6.9 GB
EGAF00008420203 bam 5.2 GB
EGAF00008420204 bam 13.6 GB
EGAF00008420207 fastq.gz 12.3 GB
EGAF00008420209 fastq.gz 13.0 GB
EGAF00008420211 bam 10.7 GB
EGAF00008420213 fastq.gz 14.7 GB
EGAF00008420215 bam 5.4 GB
EGAF00008420216 fastq.gz 15.6 GB
EGAF00008420219 fastq.gz 12.3 GB
EGAF00008420221 fastq.gz 13.0 GB
EGAF00008420223 bam 12.4 GB
EGAF00008420225 fastq.gz 13.7 GB
EGAF00008420227 fastq.gz 15.1 GB
EGAF00008420229 bam 5.7 GB
EGAF00008420231 fastq.gz 11.2 GB
EGAF00008420234 fastq.gz 12.0 GB
EGAF00008420235 bam 12.1 GB
EGAF00008420236 fastq.gz 13.1 GB
EGAF00008420238 bam 5.4 GB
EGAF00008420239 fastq.gz 13.9 GB
EGAF00008420243 bam 12.5 GB
218 Files (2.2 TB)